haru Korean 하루한국어

haru Korean › Grammar › Level 3B › 하도 A/V-아서/어서 —항공료가 하도 비싸서 깜짝 놀랐어요

하도 A/V-아서/어서 —항공료가 하도 비싸서 깜짝 놀랐어요 — so very … that … — a strong, spoken reason

So very … that … — a strong, spoken reason. Korean grammar for intermediate learners — Level 3B, lesson 5: 나이가 들수록 고향이 그리워져요 (The older I get, the more I miss home — city, country, nostalgia).

What it means

하도 is a spoken adverb meaning 'so very …', and it always comes with a reason in -아서/어서 followed by what happened because of it: 항공료가 하도 비싸서 깜짝 놀랐어요 'the fares were so expensive that I was shocked'. The ending is the -아서/어서 of Lesson 1B-4: after ㅏ or ㅗ use 아서 (많아서, 좋아서, 바빠서), after other vowels 어서 (멀어서, 맛있어서, 추워서), and 하다 becomes 해서 (피곤해서, 복잡해서). Compared with 너무 -아서, 하도 is stronger and more emotional, and you hear it mostly in conversation; in writing, 너무 or 매우 is more usual. 하도 cannot finish a sentence on its own — 하도 비싸요 ✗ — and, as with any -아서/어서 clause, the second half cannot be a request or a suggestion (하도 추워서 집에 있으세요 ✗). The result is often a problem or a surprise (못 샀어요, 길을 잃을 뻔했어요), but it can be good, too: 하도 맛있어서 세 번이나 갔어요. To answer 왜요?, you can stop after the reason: 하도 바빠서요. -았/었- does not go before -아서/어서; the tense goes at the end: 하도 피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
하도 -아서ㅏ · ㅗ (ㅡ 탈락: 바쁘다 → 바빠서)많다 + 아서 → 하도 많아서
하도 -어서그 외멀다 + 어서 → 하도 멀어서
하도 -해서하다피곤하다 → 하도 피곤해서

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 14.

Also in this lesson