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A/V-듯(이) — as if … · like … — comparing one action with another, and painting a strong picture

As if … · like … — comparing one action with another, and painting a strong picture. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4A, lesson 9: 웃는 듯한 얼굴 (A face that seems to smile — looks, impressions and careful judgements).

What it means

V-듯(이) compares one action with another: 사장님은 노래하듯이 말씀하셨어요 'the owner spoke as if he were singing'. Attach 듯이 straight to the stem, with or without 받침 — 노래하듯이, 물 쓰듯이, 밥 먹듯이 — and 이 can be dropped: 밥 먹듯 해요. When the verb has an object, the particle usually goes: 물을 쓰다 → 물 쓰듯이. N처럼 (Lesson 2B-3) compares with a thing or a person (천사처럼 웃어요); -듯이 compares with an action, so a whole short sentence can stand in front of it: 한국 사람이 말하듯이 한국어를 해요 'he speaks Korean the way a Korean does'. The same 듯이 after a modifier ending — -(으)ㄹ 듯이 or -(으)ㄴ 듯이, from the -듯하다 of Grammar 1 — paints a strong picture, usually of a feeling or a state: 날아갈 듯이 기뻐요 'so happy I could fly', 죽은 듯이 잤어요 'I slept like the dead', 가슴이 터질 듯이 떨렸어요. Many idioms are built this way: 쥐 죽은 듯이 조용하다 'dead quiet', 물 쓰듯 하다 'spend like water', 밥 먹듯 하다 'do something all the time' — often a bad habit: 거짓말을 밥 먹듯 해요 — 물 흐르듯 'smoothly', and 불 보듯 뻔하다 'as plain as day', which goes well with -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다 (Lesson 4A-5): 지각할 게 불 보듯 뻔해요. In a simile 듯이 takes no tense; the tense goes at the end: 밥 먹듯이 연습했어요. (말했듯이 'as I said' is a fixed phrase with the meaning of -다시피, Lesson 4A-3.)

Forms

PatternWhenExample
A/V-듯(이)받침 O · X 모두 — 동사 + 듯(이) · 이는 빼도 돼요 · 센 그림은 -(으)ㄹ/(으)ㄴ 듯이노래하다 + 듯이 → 노래하듯이

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 4A, lesson 9; Yonsei University Korean 4-1, lesson 10; Sogang University Korean 5A, lesson 7; Ewha Womans University Korean 4, lesson 1; Ewha Womans University Korean 4, lesson 6; Hongik University Korean 5B, lesson 10.

Also in this lesson