haru Korean › Grammar › Level 1A › N하고 N · N과/와 N
N하고 N · N과/와 N — and — joining two nouns: 하고 when you speak, 과/와 in writing
And — joining two nouns: 하고 when you speak, 과/와 in writing. Korean grammar for beginner learners — Level 1A, lesson 4: 이거는 뭐예요? (What is this?).
What it means
하고 means 'and' between two nouns — two things or two people: 책하고 공책, 안나 씨하고 유나 씨. It never changes, 받침 or not: 책하고, 의자하고. It joins nouns only, never two sentences. Whatever comes after goes on the second noun only, and 이에요/예요 checks the 받침 of that second noun: 책하고 공책이에요, 연필하고 지우개예요, 안나 씨하고 유나 씨는 친구예요. In books, on signs and in formal speech you will see 과/와 instead — 과 after a consonant (책과 공책), 와 after a vowel (의자와 책상). Speak with 하고; learn to read 과/와.
Forms
| Pattern | When | Example |
|---|---|---|
| N하고 | any noun — no 받침 check | 책 + 하고 → 책하고 |
| N과 | 받침 O · in writing | 책 + 과 → 책과 |
| N와 | 받침 X · in writing | 의자 + 와 → 의자와 |
Key points
- N하고 N — 'and' between two nouns; 하고 never changes: 책하고 · 의자하고
- N과/와 N — the same 'and' in writing: 과 after a consonant (책과), 와 after a vowel (의자와)
Examples
- 책하고 공책 · 의자하고 책상
- 책하고 공책이에요. 연필하고 지우개예요.
- 안나 씨하고 유나 씨는 친구예요.
- 책과 공책 · 의자와 책상
- 받침 O → 과. 받침 X → 와.
Where university textbooks teach it
This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 1A, lesson 2; Yonsei University Korean 1-1, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 1-1, lesson 4; Hongik University Korean 1A, lesson 3; Hanyang University Korean 1-1, lesson 1.
Also in this lesson
- 이거 · 그거 · 저거 + N이에요/예요 — this · that (near you) · that (over there) — asking what something is
- N이/가 있어요 · 없어요 — there is / there isn't — I have / I don't have
- N 주세요 — please give me N — asking for something