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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2A › A/V-(으)ㄹ 때

A/V-(으)ㄹ 때 — when … — the time or the mood something happens in

When … — the time or the mood something happens in. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2A, lesson 8: 정말 속상하겠어요 (You must be so upset — feelings and empathy).

What it means

-(으)ㄹ 때 means 'when …': the time or the situation in which something happens. 외로울 때 친구를 만나요 'when I'm lonely, I meet friends'. After a 받침 add -을 때 (먹을 때, 있을 때); after a vowel add -ㄹ 때 (갈 때, 아플 때); a ㄹ stem just adds 때 (힘들 때, 살 때). ㅂ words change as usual: 외롭다 → 외로울 때, 그립다 → 그리울 때. After a noun, use N 때 for events and periods: 방학 때, 시험 때, 휴가 때, 크리스마스 때. Days and parts of the day keep 에: 주말에, 월요일에, 아침에 — never 주말 때. Put the tense on the last verb only: 시험을 볼 때 너무 긴장했어요 'I was really nervous when I took the exam' — the 때 part keeps its -(으)ㄹ form even when you talk about the past. (-았/었을 때, for one finished moment, comes in Level 2B.) Add 는 when you compare two times: 기분이 좋을 때는 노래를 불러요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-을 때받침 O먹다 + 을 때 → 먹을 때
-ㄹ 때받침 X · ㄹ 받침가다 + ㄹ 때 → 갈 때
N 때명사 — 방학 · 시험 · 휴가방학 + 때 → 방학 때

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2A, lesson 8; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 2; Sogang University Korean 2A, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-1, lesson 2; Hongik University Korean 2A, lesson 2; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 4.

Also in this lesson