haru Korean 하루한국어

haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2B › 반말 ② -자 · -아/어라 · -니?

반말 ② -자 · -아/어라 · -니? — casual speech ② — let's …, do …! and the soft question -니?

Casual speech ② — let's …, do …! and the soft question -니?. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2B, lesson 10: 떡볶이 만들어 봤어요? (Have you made tteokbokki? — cooking and casual speech).

What it means

Three more 반말 endings. -자 means 'let's …' and goes straight on any verb stem: 가자, 먹자, 만들자, 하자. It is the casual partner of 같이 가요 and of -(으)ㅂ시다 (Level 1B), and 'let's not' is -지 말자: 오늘은 라면 먹지 말자. -아/어라 is a firm command: ㅏ or ㅗ → 아라 (가라, 앉아라), everything else → 어라 (먹어라, 써라), 하다 → 해라. Parents, grandparents and older brothers or sisters say it to a younger person (일찍 들어와라, 천천히 먹어라). Between friends the plain -아/어 is the usual command — 빨리 와! 이거 먹어! — and 'don't' is -지 마 (from -지 마세요). -니? is a soft question that older people use with younger ones: 어디 가니? 밥 먹었니? It also goes on the stem; ㄹ drops before it (만들다 → 만드니?), and the past is -았/었니? (먹었니?). Friends usually ask with the plain -아/어? instead: 밥 먹었어? When an older person speaks 반말 to you, answer politely: 네, 먹었어요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-자같이 (let's) — 받침 O · 받침 X 모두가다 + 자 → 가자
-아/어라명령 — ㅏ · ㅗ 아라 / 그 외 어라 / 하다 해라가다 + 아라 → 가라
-니?질문 — 받침 O · 받침 X 모두 · ㄹ은 빠져요가다 + 니 → 가니?

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 9; Hongik University Korean 2B, lesson 11; Hanyang University Korean 2-2, lesson 7; Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 10; Sogang University Korean 2B, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 15.

Also in this lesson