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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2B › V-아/어 있다

V-아/어 있다 — is …-ed · is sitting / standing / open — a state that stays

Is …-ed · is sitting / standing / open — a state that stays. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2B, lesson 9: 하마터면 늦을 뻔했어요 (I nearly missed it — first day at work).

What it means

-아/어 있다 describes a state that stays after something has happened. 마크 씨가 앉아 있어요 = he sat down, and now he is sitting. 문이 열려 있어요 = it was opened, and now it is open. Take the -아요/어요 form, drop 요 and add 있다: 앉아요 → 앉아 있어요, 서요 → 서 있어요, 와요 → 와 있어요, 열려요 → 열려 있어요 — the vowel rule you know (ㅏ or ㅗ → 아, everything else → 어; 하다 → 해: 도착해 있어요). It only goes with verbs that take no object (no 을/를): 앉다, 서다, 눕다, 오다, 가다, 남다, 붙다, 피다, 모이다, and the 'be opened / be shut' verbs of Lesson 2B-4 — 열리다, 닫히다, 잠기다. So say 문이 열려 있어요, not 문을 열어 있어요. Compare -고 있다 (Level 1B), an action going on now: 문을 열고 있어요 = someone is opening it. For clothes, -고 있다 is the state: 넥타이를 매고 있어요 (he is wearing a tie). For someone you respect, 있다 becomes 계시다: 과장님은 회의실에 앉아 계세요. The tense goes on 있다: 아침에 문이 열려 있었어요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-아 있어요ㅏ · ㅗ앉다 + 아 있어요 → 앉아 있어요
-어 있어요그 외 (ㅏ · ㅗ 아님)서다 + 어 있어요 → 서 있어요

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 17; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 3; Sogang University Korean 3B, lesson 5; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-2, lesson 11; Hongik University Korean 2B, lesson 10; Hanyang University Korean 3-1, lesson 4.

Also in this lesson