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A/V-아/어야 — only if … — the one condition you can't skip

Only if … — the one condition you can't skip. Korean grammar for intermediate learners — Level 3A, lesson 11: 이번엔 진짜 공부해야겠어요 (This time I really have to study — exam season).

What it means

-아/어야 links two clauses: the first is a condition you cannot skip, the second is what then becomes possible — 'only if …'. 매일 복습해야 시험을 잘 볼 수 있어요 means you can do well in the exam only if you review every day. The ending is built like -아요/어요: after ㅏ or ㅗ add 아야 (가야, 봐야, 좋아야), after any other vowel 어야 (먹어야, 있어야, 마셔야), and 하다 becomes 해야 (공부해야, 조용해야). Irregular stems change as they do before -아요/어요: 듣다 → 들어야, 쉽다 → 쉬워야, 쓰다 → 써야. After a noun use 이어야 (학생이어야), or 여야 after a vowel (친구여야). It is stronger than -(으)면: 복습하면 is one way to do well, 복습해야 is the one thing you need. The second clause states a result or a possibility — 할 수 있어요, 알아요, 늘어요, 돼요 — and cannot be a request or a suggestion (복습해야 시험을 보세요 ✗). You have used this ending since Lesson 1B-5 without knowing it: 가야 돼요 is literally 'only if you go is it all right', which is why it means 'you have to go'. On notices it is often made stronger with 만: 학생증이 있어야만 들어갈 수 있습니다.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-아야ㅏ · ㅗ가다 + 아야 → 가야
-어야그 외 모음 · 명사 이어야 / 여야먹다 + 어야 → 먹어야
해야하다공부하다 → 공부해야

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Yonsei University Korean 2-2, lesson 12; Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 12; Sogang University Korean 4B, lesson 4; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-1, lesson 1; Hanyang University Korean 4-1, lesson 3.

Also in this lesson