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V-아/어 대다 — keep on … (too much) — doing something over and over, and being annoyed by it

Keep on … (too much) — doing something over and over, and being annoyed by it. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4B, lesson 8: 옛날이야기와 신화 (Folk tales and myths — telling a story in written Korean).

What it means

V-아/어 대다 says that someone does something over and over, or far too much, and that the speaker finds it annoying, worrying or simply excessive: 옆방 사람이 밤새 떠들어 대서 잠을 못 잤어요 'the person next door kept on making noise all night, so I couldn't sleep'. It is built on the -아/어 form of the verb: after ㅏ or ㅗ use 아 대다 (조르다 → 졸라 대다, 사다 → 사 대다, 보다 → 봐 대다), after other vowels 어 대다 (울어 대다, 먹어 대다, 떠들어 대다, 마셔 대다), and 하다 verbs become 해 대다 (잔소리해 대다, 자랑해 대다). Words that stress repetition often come with it — 계속, 자꾸, 밤새, 하루 종일, 밤마다. Because of its negative colour it is natural in complaints, warnings (그렇게 먹어 대면 배가 아플 거예요) and in stories about bad characters, but odd with good actions — unless you are joking or the good action has become too much. Don't use it about someone above you: 할머니께서 잔소리해 대세요 sounds rude. Compare V-곤 하다 from Lesson 4B-7, which describes a past habit with no complaint in it: 어렸을 때 할머니께 이야기를 해 달라고 조르곤 했어요 is a warm memory, while 졸라 댔어요 tells how much the child pestered. The tense goes on 대다: 울어 댔어요, never 울었어 대다.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-아 대다ㅏ · ㅗ조르다 (르) + 아 대다 → 졸라 대다
-어 대다그 외울다 + 어 대다 → 울어 대다
해 대다하다잔소리하다 → 잔소리해 대다

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 4B, lesson 18; Ewha Womans University Korean 5, lesson 8; Hongik University Korean 4A, lesson 4.

Also in this lesson