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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 1B › ㅡ 탈락

ㅡ 탈락 — ㅡ words — 아프다 → 아파요, 크다 → 커요

ㅡ words — 아프다 → 아파요, 크다 → 커요. Korean grammar for beginner learners — Level 1B, lesson 5: 감기에 걸렸어요 (I caught a cold — body, symptoms, the doctor).

What it means

Many words have ㅡ just before 다: 아프다, 바쁘다, 크다, 쓰다. When -아요/어요 comes next, the ㅡ drops out and 아 or 어 takes its place in the same syllable. Which one? Look at the syllable before ㅡ: if its vowel is ㅏ or ㅗ, use 아 — 아프다 → 아파요, 바쁘다 → 바빠요. With any other vowel, use 어 — 슬프다 → 슬퍼요, 기쁘다 → 기뻐요. A one-syllable word has nothing before ㅡ, so it takes 어: 크다 → 커요, 쓰다 → 써요. The same happens before -았/었- and -아서/어서 (아팠어요, 바빠서), but nothing changes before a consonant: 아프고, 바쁘지만.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
ㅡ → 아요the syllable before ㅡ has ㅏ or ㅗ아프다 + 아요/어요 → 아파요
ㅡ → 어요any other vowel before ㅡ, or one syllable슬프다 + 아요/어요 → 슬퍼요

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 1B, lesson 11; Ewha Womans University Korean 1-1, lesson 6.

Also in this lesson