haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2A › V-(으)ㄹ N
V-(으)ㄹ N — a … to do — describing a noun with what is still to come
A … to do — describing a noun with what is still to come. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2A, lesson 3: 콘서트에 가 봤어요? (Have you been to a concert? — experiences and plans).
What it means
-(으)ㄹ before a noun describes it with something that has not happened yet — a plan, a purpose or a need: 볼 영화 'a film to see', 먹을 것 'something to eat', 같이 갈 사람 'someone to go with'. After 받침 add 을 (먹을, 입을); without 받침 add ㄹ (갈, 볼); a verb ending in ㄹ keeps just one ㄹ (만들다 → 만들, 놀다 → 놀). It is the third member of a family you met in Lesson 2: 어제 본 영화 is a film you saw, 지금 보는 영화 a film you are watching (or usually watch), and 주말에 볼 영화 a film you are going to see. -(으)ㄹ N often comes with 있다/없다 and 시간: 먹을 것이 없어요 'there's nothing to eat', 만날 시간이 없어요 'I have no time to meet'. It is the same ㄹ as in -(으)ㄹ 거예요 and -(으)ㄹ 수 있어요.
Forms
| Pattern | When | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -을 | 받침 O | 먹다 + 을 → 먹을 |
| -ㄹ | 받침 X · ㄹ 받침 (keeps one ㄹ) | 가다 + ㄹ → 갈 |
Key points
- V-(으)ㄹ N = a N to … · the N I will …: 받침 O → 을 (먹을 것) · 받침 X and ㄹ 받침 → ㄹ (볼 영화 · 만들 음식)
- Three ways to describe a film with 보다: 어제 본 영화 (past) · 지금 보는 영화 (now) · 주말에 볼 영화 (still to come)
Examples
- 먹다 → 먹을 것. 입다 → 입을 옷. 읽다 → 읽을 책.
- 가다 → 갈 곳. 보다 → 볼 영화. 만나다 → 만날 사람.
- 만들다 → 만들 음식. 놀다 → 놀 시간.
- 어제 본 영화 · 지금 보는 영화 · 주말에 볼 영화
Where university textbooks teach it
This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2A, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 1-2, lesson 15; Hongik University Korean 2A, lesson 3; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 3; Yonsei University Korean 1-2, lesson 14; Sogang University Korean 3A, lesson 8.