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ㅎ 불규칙 — ㅎ adjectives — the colours, 그렇다 and 어떻다

ㅎ adjectives — the colours, 그렇다 and 어떻다. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2B, lesson 11: 무거운 짐, 가벼운 짐 (Heavy load, light load — stretching your vocabulary).

What it means

Most adjectives whose stem ends in ㅎ are irregular. Before an ending that starts with 아 or 어 (-아요/어요, -았/었어요, -아서/어서), the ㅎ drops and the vowel before it becomes ㅐ: 빨갛다 → 빨개요, 파랗다 → 파래요, 그렇다 → 그래요, 어떻다 → 어때요; after ㅑ it becomes ㅒ: 하얗다 → 하얘요. Before an ending that starts with 으 (-(으)ㄴ, -(으)면, -(으)니까), the ㅎ and the 으 both go and only the consonant is left: 빨간 상자, 하얀 눈, 그런 사람, 어떤 색, 그러면. Before a consonant nothing changes: 빨갛고, 그렇지만, 어떻게. The ㅎ words are the five colours (빨갛다, 노랗다, 파랗다, 하얗다, 까맣다) and 이렇다, 그렇다, 저렇다, 어떻다 — and you already know many of their forms as words: 어때요?, 이런, 그런, 저런, 그래서, 그러면. 좋다, 많다, 괜찮다, 싫다 and the verbs 넣다 and 놓다 are regular: 좋아요, 좋은, 넣어요, 놓으세요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
ㅎ 불규칙 + 아/어아/어 앞에서 ㅎ이 빠지고 모음 → ㅐ (ㅑ → ㅒ)빨갛다 + 아요/어요 → 빨개요 · 빨갰어요
ㅎ 불규칙 + 으으 앞에서 ㅎ과 으가 빠져요빨갛다 + (으)ㄴ → 빨간 상자
규칙ㅎ이 안 빠져요좋다 → 좋아요 · 좋은

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 7; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 8; Sogang University Korean 5A, lesson 5; Hongik University Korean 2A, lesson 3; Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 17.

Also in this lesson