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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2B › V-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다

V-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 — have you ever …? · I have (never) … — talking about experiences

Have you ever …? · I have (never) … — talking about experiences. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2B, lesson 5: 여기서 사진을 찍어도 돼요? (May I take a photo here? — permission and experience).

What it means

-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다 means 'I have (done) … before' — there was a time (적) in my life when I did it. -(으)ㄴ 적이 없다 means 'I have never …'. It is the past modifier -(으)ㄴ (Lesson 2A-2) + 적 + 이 있다/없다: after a 받침, 은 적 (입은 적, 먹은 적); after a vowel, ㄴ 적 (간 적, 본 적). ㄹ verbs drop the ㄹ (살다 → 산 적, 만들다 → 만든 적), and 듣다 becomes 들은 적. Answers are short — 네, 있어요 · 아니요, 없어요 — often with how many times: 딱 한 번, 한두 번, 두세 번, 서너 번, 한 번도 없어요. -아/어 봤어요 (Lesson 2A-3) is very close, and the two are often put together: 한복을 입어 본 적이 있어요? Use it for experiences in your life, not for what you did yesterday: say 어제 한복을 입었어요, not 어제 한복을 입은 적이 있어요. In speech 이 often drops: 입은 적 있어요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-은 적이 있어요받침 O입다 + 은 적이 있어요 → 입은 적이 있어요
-ㄴ 적이 있어요받침 X · ㄹ (ㄹ 탈락)가다 + ㄴ 적이 있어요 → 간 적이 있어요

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 14; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 5; Sogang University Korean 2B, lesson 6; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-1, lesson 5; Hongik University Korean 2A, lesson 5; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 3.

Also in this lesson