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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2B › A-다 · V-ㄴ다/는다 · N(이)다 (글말 · 1B-12 복습)

A-다 · V-ㄴ다/는다 · N(이)다 (글말 · 1B-12 복습) — the plain written style — diaries, news and posts

The plain written style — diaries, news and posts. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2B, lesson 7: 부모님한테서 연락이 왔어요 (I heard from my parents — news from home).

What it means

Korean has a plain written style that ends in -다. You see it in diaries, newspapers, books, school essays and many posts online — writing that is not addressed to a particular person. Adjectives keep their dictionary form: 바쁘다, 춥다, 재미있다 (있다 and 없다 too). Verbs add 는다 after a 받침 (먹는다, 읽는다) and ㄴ다 after a vowel (간다, 본다, 공부한다); ㄹ verbs drop the ㄹ (살다 → 산다, 만들다 → 만든다). Nouns take 이다 after a 받침 and 다 after a vowel (학생이다, 친구다). The past is the same for every word: -았/었다 (갔다, 먹었다, 추웠다, 학생이었다). Other endings follow the same idea: -고 싶어요 → -고 싶다, -(으)ㄹ 거예요 → -(으)ㄹ 것이다. There is no 요, and 저, 제 and 제가 become 나, 내 and 내가. Respect for the people you write about stays: 할머니께서 오셨다. Letters and messages have a reader, so they stay in -아요/어요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
A-다형용사 · 있다 · 없다바쁘다 → 바쁘다
V-는다 · V-ㄴ다동사 — 받침 O 는다 · 받침 X · ㄹ ㄴ다먹다 + 는다 → 먹는다
N(이)다명사 — 받침 O 이다 · 받침 X 다학생 + 이다 → 학생이다

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 18; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 9; Hanyang University Korean 2-2, lesson 7; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 15.

Also in this lesson