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V-아/어지다 — was made · was built · became known — when what happened matters more than who did it

Was made · was built · became known — when what happened matters more than who did it. Korean grammar for intermediate learners — Level 3A, lesson 9: 한글날에 대해 들어 봤어요? (Have you heard about Hangeul Day? — holidays and culture).

What it means

V-아/어지다 tells what happened to something, not who did it: 한글은 1443년에 만들어졌어요 'Hangeul was created in 1443'. Build it the way you build -아요/어요 and add 지다: 만들다 → 만들어요 → 만들어지다; 알리다 → 알려요 → 알려지다; 지우다 → 지워지다; 켜다 → 켜지다; 끄다 → 꺼지다 (ㅡ drops); 짓다 → 지어지다 (ㅅ irregular); 하다 verbs → 해지다: 정하다 → 정해지다, 전하다 → 전해지다. The thing becomes the subject with 이/가 or 은/는, and the doer is usually left out — compare 왕이 한글을 만들었어요 with 한글이 만들어졌어요. You met passives with -이/히/리/기- in Lesson 3A-6 (닫히다, 열리다, 팔리다); many verbs have no such form, and -아/어지다 fills the gap — which is why history books, the news and museum signs are full of 만들어졌다, 지어졌다 and 알려졌다. Some go with one word you will see often: 불이 꺼졌어요 'the lights went out', 꿈이 이루어졌어요 'a dream came true'. Don't mix it up with Lesson 2B-1, where -아/어지다 follows an adjective (좋아지다 'to get better'). V-아/어지다 takes every tense and every noun-modifying ending: 만들어졌어요, 지어질 거예요, 옛날부터 전해지는 이야기, 외국인 학생을 위해 만들어진 행사.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-어지다받침 O · ㅜ — 그대로 붙어요만들다 + 어지다 → 만들어지다
줄어요 (-려 · -워 · -져)모음 — -아요/어요처럼 줄어요알리다 + 어지다 → 알려지다
ㅅ 불규칙 · 하다ㅅ 불규칙 · 하다 → 해지다짓다 (ㅅ) + 어지다 → 지어지다

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 3A, lesson 9; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 1; Hanyang University Korean 3-1, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-2, lesson 9.

Also in this lesson