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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 4A › 사동 -우/구/추 · -게 하다와 비교

사동 -우/구/추 · -게 하다와 비교 — causatives in -우-, -구-, -추- — and doing it yourself vs getting someone to do it (-게 하다)

Causatives in -우-, -구-, -추- — and doing it yourself vs getting someone to do it (-게 하다). Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4A, lesson 7: 먹이고 입히고 재우고 (Feeding, dressing, putting to bed — causatives for everyday care).

What it means

The second family of causatives takes -우-, -구- or -추-. With -우-, the last vowel of the base verb usually gains an ㅣ before 우: 자다 → 재우다 'to put to bed', 타다 → 태우다 'to give a ride, to put on a swing', 차다 → 채우다 'to fill, to put on (a nappy)', 서다 → 세우다 'to stand someone up, to stop (a car)', 쓰다 → 씌우다 'to put a hat on someone'; verbs whose vowel is already ㅐ or ㅣ keep it: 깨다 → 깨우다 'to wake someone up', 비다 → 비우다 'to empty', 끼다 → 끼우다 'to insert, to do up'. -구- is very rare — 돋다 → 돋구다 'to make the lenses of glasses stronger' — so just recognise it. -추- follows a ㅈ 받침: 낮다 → 낮추다 'to lower', 늦다 → 늦추다 'to put off', 맞다 → 맞추다 'to set, to fit' (시간에 맞춰서 오다 'to come right on time'; don't mix it up with 맞히다 'to guess right', from grammar point 1). Now compare a causative verb with -게 하다 from Lesson 3B-6. A causative verb usually means the subject does it to the other person directly, often with their own hands: 아이에게 옷을 입혀요 'I dress the child'. -게 하다 means the other person does it, and the subject makes it happen or allows it: 아이가 혼자 옷을 입게 해요 'I let her dress herself'. -게 하다 works with every verb, which matters because most verbs have no causative verb at all: 공부하다 → 공부하게 하다. With 하다 verbs you will also hear N시키다: 목욕시키다 'to give someone a bath', 산책시키다 'to walk (a dog)'.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-우-모음으로 끝나는 동사 — 모음에 ㅣ를 더하는 것이 많아요자다 + 우 → 재우다
-구-아주 적어요 — 돋구다 하나만 알면 돼요돋다 + 구 → 돋구다
-추-ㅈ 받침낮다 + 추 → 낮추다

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 11; Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 15; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-1, lesson 4; Hongik University Korean 3B, lesson 9; Hanyang University Korean 3-2, lesson 10; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 8; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 9; Sogang University Korean 5A, lesson 5.

Also in this lesson