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연결어미 정리 — linking endings review — and, so, while and but: two sentences in one

Linking endings review — and, so, while and but: two sentences in one. Korean grammar for beginner learners — Level 1B, lesson 12: 1급 정리 · 나의 한국 생활 (Level 1 round-up — my life in Korea).

What it means

Level 1 gave you four endings that join two sentences into one. -고 is 'and' or 'and then': 아침을 먹고 학교에 가요. -아서/어서 gives a reason, 'so' (배가 고파서 밥을 먹어요), or joins two steps that belong together, like going somewhere and doing something there: 학교에 가서 친구를 만나요. -(으)면서 is 'while' — one person does two things at the same time: 음악을 들으면서 공부해요. -지만 is 'but': 어렵지만 재미있어요. For the time, only -지만 takes -았/었- (어제는 바빴지만 즐거웠어요); with the other three the last verb carries it.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-고그리고 — and · and then먹다 → 먹고
-아서/어서그래서 — so · and then (there)먹다 → 먹어서
-(으)면서while — one person, two things먹다 → 먹으면서
-지만하지만 — but먹다 → 먹지만

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 1B, lesson 16; Seoul National University Korean 1A, lesson 7; Yonsei University Korean 1-2, lesson 18; Sogang University Korean 1B, lesson 5; Ewha Womans University Korean 1-2, lesson 12; Hongik University Korean 1B, lesson 11; Hanyang University Korean 1-1, lesson 5.

Also in this lesson