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A-다 · V-ㄴ다/는다 · N(이)다 (이야기의 말) — the plain narrative style — diaries and stories

The plain narrative style — diaries and stories. Korean grammar for beginner learners — Level 1B, lesson 12: 1급 정리 · 나의 한국 생활 (Level 1 round-up — my life in Korea).

What it means

When you talk to someone, you end with -아요/어요. When you write a diary or a story, Korean uses a plain style that ends in -다, with no 요. Adjectives keep their dictionary form: 좋다, 바쁘다, 재미있다; 있다 and 없다 do the same. Verbs add 는다 after a 받침 (먹는다, 읽는다) and ㄴ다 after a vowel (간다, 공부한다); ㄹ verbs drop the ㄹ (살다 → 산다). Nouns take 이다 after a 받침 and 다 after a vowel (학생이다, 친구다), and the negative is N이/가 아니다. Stories and diaries are mostly about what happened, so the past is the form you will read most: -았/었다 for every word (왔다, 먹었다, 좋았다, 학생이었다). 'Not' is the same as in speech: 안 간다, 못 간다, 없다. Finally, 저, 제 and 제가 become 나, 내 and 내가.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
A-다adjectives · 있다 · 없다 — no change좋아요 → 좋다
V-는다 · V-ㄴ다verbs — 받침 O 는다 · 받침 X ㄴ다 · ㄹ drops먹다 + 는다 → 먹는다
N(이)다 · N이/가 아니다nouns — 받침 O 이다 · 받침 X 다 · not: 아니다학생 + 이다 → 학생이다
-았/었다past — the same for every word오다 → 왔다

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 18; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 9; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 15; Hanyang University Korean 2-2, lesson 7; Sogang University Korean 3A, lesson 5.

Also in this lesson