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시제 정리 — tense review — what you did, what you are doing, what you are going to do

Tense review — what you did, what you are doing, what you are going to do. Korean grammar for beginner learners — Level 1B, lesson 12: 1급 정리 · 나의 한국 생활 (Level 1 round-up — my life in Korea).

What it means

Level 1 gave you three ways to place an action in time. -았/었어요 is for what is finished: 어제 책을 읽었어요. -고 있어요 is for what is going on right now, or these days: 지금 책을 읽고 있어요 · 요즘 한국어를 배우고 있어요. -(으)ㄹ 거예요 is for a plan: 내일 책을 읽을 거예요. Let the time word choose: 어제, 지난주 and 작년 go with -았/었어요; 지금 and 요즘 with -고 있어요; 내일, 주말에 and 방학에 with -(으)ㄹ 거예요. Watch the stems that change before a vowel: 듣다 → 들었어요 · 들을 거예요, but 듣고 있어요. For something you were in the middle of at a moment in the past, use -고 있었어요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-았/었어요finished — 어제 · 지난주 · 작년먹다 → 먹었어요
-고 있어요going on — 지금 · 요즘먹다 → 먹고 있어요
-(으)ㄹ 거예요a plan — 내일 · 주말에 · 방학에먹다 → 먹을 거예요

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 1B, lesson 10; Seoul National University Korean 1B, lesson 12; Yonsei University Korean 1-2, lesson 19; Sogang University Korean 2A, lesson 2; Ewha Womans University Korean 1-2, lesson 9; Hongik University Korean 1B, lesson 11; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 4.

Also in this lesson