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V-는 N — describing a noun with what it does — 사진을 찍는 친구

Describing a noun with what it does — 사진을 찍는 친구. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2A, lesson 2: 취미가 뭐예요? (What's your hobby? — describing with verbs).

What it means

-는 turns a verb into a describer that goes before a noun, like an adjective: 친구가 사진을 찍어요 'a friend takes photos' → 사진을 찍는 친구 'a friend who takes photos'. Everything that belongs to the verb — the object, the place, the time, even its own subject — comes before it: 제가 자주 가는 카페 'the café I often go to'. -는 is the same with or without 받침 (가는, 먹는, 듣는), but a ㄹ at the end of the stem drops out: 살다 → 사는, 만들다 → 만드는, 놀다 → 노는. 있다 and 없다 take -는 too, and so do the words built on them, as you saw in 1B-10: 재미있는 영화, 맛있는 빵. In English the describer usually comes after the noun ('the friend who …'); in Korean it always comes before. -는 is for what happens now or usually; for something that already happened you need -(으)ㄴ, the next grammar point.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-는동사 — 받침 O · X 같아요가다 + 는 → 가는
ㄹ → -는ㄹ 받침 — ㄹ이 빠져요살다 + 는 → 사는
있는 · 없는있다 · 없다 (재미있다 · 맛있다도)있다 + 는 → 있는

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2A, lesson 2; Seoul National University Korean 1B, lesson 15; Yonsei University Korean 1-2, lesson 13; Ewha Womans University Korean 1-2, lesson 15; Hongik University Korean 1B, lesson 10; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 3; Sogang University Korean 2B, lesson 1.

Also in this lesson