haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2A › V-(으)ㄴ N
V-(으)ㄴ N — describing a noun with what already happened — 어제 본 영화
Describing a noun with what already happened — 어제 본 영화. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2A, lesson 2: 취미가 뭐예요? (What's your hobby? — describing with verbs).
What it means
-(으)ㄴ on a verb describes a noun with something that already happened: 어제 영화를 봤어요 → 어제 본 영화 'the film I saw yesterday'. After a 받침 add -은 (먹은, 읽은, 찍은); after a vowel add -ㄴ (본, 간, 배운); a ㄹ stem drops its ㄹ and takes -ㄴ (만들다 → 만든, 놀다 → 논). 듣다 becomes 들은, as before any vowel. Don't add -았/었- — the ending itself is the past: 본 영화, never 봤은 영화. You already know -(으)ㄴ from 1B-10, on adjectives: 좋은 책, 작은 가방. The shape is the same, but the meaning is not: on an adjective it describes how something is now, on a verb it tells what was done. Compare 지금 읽는 책 (the book I'm reading now), 어제 읽은 책 (the book I read yesterday) and 좋은 책 (a good book).
Forms
| Pattern | When | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -은 | 받침 O | 먹다 + 은 → 먹은 |
| -ㄴ | 받침 X | 보다 + ㄴ → 본 |
| ㄹ → -ㄴ | ㄹ 받침 — ㄹ이 빠지고 ㄴ | 만들다 + ㄴ → 만든 |
Key points
- V-(으)ㄴ + N — something that already happened: 어제 본 영화 · 주말에 찍은 사진
- 받침 O → -은 (먹은 · 찍은) · 받침 X → -ㄴ (본 · 간) · ㄹ drops → -ㄴ (만든)
Examples
- 어제 영화를 봤어요. → 어제 본 영화
- 받침 O → -은: 먹은 · 읽은 · 찍은
- 받침 X → -ㄴ: 본 · 간 · 배운. ㄹ → -ㄴ: 만든 · 논
- 듣다 → 들은 (ㄷ → ㄹ)
- 지금 읽는 책 · 어제 읽은 책 · 좋은 책
Where university textbooks teach it
This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2A, lesson 2; Yonsei University Korean 1-2, lesson 14; Ewha Womans University Korean 1-2, lesson 15; Hongik University Korean 2A, lesson 3; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 3; Sogang University Korean 2B, lesson 1.
Also in this lesson
- V-는 N — describing a noun with what it does — 사진을 찍는 친구
- V-는 것 — turning an action into a noun — 'doing …'
- A/V-지 않다 (1B 복습·확장) — not … — the long negative