haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2B › 변화 · 상태 정리
변화 · 상태 정리 — change and state review — it got …, I came to …, it is (still) …, and I did it ready for later
Change and state review — it got …, I came to …, it is (still) …, and I did it ready for later. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2B, lesson 12: 2급 정리 · TOPIK I 맛보기 (Level 2 round-up — a taste of TOPIK I).
What it means
Level 2B gave you two ways to talk about change and two ways to talk about how things are now. A-아/어지다 (2B-1) turns an adjective into a change: 더워요 'it's hot' → 더워졌어요 'it has got hot'; 익숙해졌어요 'I've got used to it'. V-게 되다 (2B-1) says something came about — often not by your own plan, or little by little: 매운 음식을 잘 먹게 됐어요 'I've come to eat spicy food well', 다음 학기에 3급에서 공부하게 됐어요. -아/어 있다 (2B-9) says the result of an action is still there: 문이 열려 있어요 'the door is open', 의자에 앉아 있어요 'is sitting'. Keep it apart from -고 있다, an action going on: 문을 열고 있어요 'is opening the door'. -아/어 놓다 (2B-6) says you did something in advance and left it that way for later: 음료수를 사 놓았어요 (in speech often 사 놨어요). -아/어지다, -아/어 있다 and -아/어 놓다 follow 아/어 like -아요/어요; -게 되다 just adds 게 to the stem.
Forms
| Pattern | When | Example |
|---|---|---|
| A-아/어지다 | 형용사 — it got … (ㅏ · ㅗ 아지다 · 그 외 어지다 · 하다 해지다) | 많다 → 많아졌어요 |
| V-게 되다 | 동사 — I came to … (받침 O · X 게) | 먹다 → 먹게 됐어요 |
| V-아/어 있다 | the result is still there (열리다 · 닫히다 · 앉다 · 서다) | 열리다 → 열려 있어요 |
| V-아/어 놓다 | done in advance, left ready (말할 때 놨어요) | 사다 → 사 놓았어요 |
Key points
- Change: A-아/어지다 turns an adjective into a change (더워졌어요 · 익숙해졌어요) · V-게 되다 says something came about (먹게 됐어요 · 알게 됐어요)
- State: V-아/어 있다 — the result is still there (열려 있어요 · 앉아 있어요) · V-아/어 놓다 — done in advance and left ready (사 놓았어요 · 열어 놓았어요)
Examples
- 날씨가 더워요. → 날씨가 더워졌어요.
- 매운 음식을 잘 먹어요. → 이제 매운 음식을 잘 먹게 됐어요.
- 누가 문을 열었어요. → 문이 열려 있어요. 민수 씨가 의자에 앉아 있어요.
- 파티 전에 음료수를 사 놓았어요. (= 사 놨어요)
Where university textbooks teach it
This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 15; Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 17; Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 16; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 1; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 9; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 3; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 4; Sogang University Korean 2B, lesson 5; Sogang University Korean 2B, lesson 9; Sogang University Korean 3B, lesson 5; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 13; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 15; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-2, lesson 11; Hongik University Korean 2A, lesson 6; Hongik University Korean 2B, lesson 9; Hongik University Korean 2B, lesson 10; Hongik University Korean 3B, lesson 8; Hanyang University Korean 2-2, lesson 9; Hanyang University Korean 2-2, lesson 12; Hanyang University Korean 3-1, lesson 2; Hanyang University Korean 3-1, lesson 4.
Also in this lesson
- 허락 · 금지 · 경험 정리 — permission, rules and experience review — may I …?, you mustn't …, and have you ever …?
- 이유 · 조건 · 의도 정리 — reasons and plans review — because …, I'll … so you …, I've decided to …, and I'm thinking of …
- 반말 정리 + 글말 -다 — casual speech and the written style review — the same sentence to a teacher, to a friend, and in a diary