haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2B › 이유 · 조건 · 의도 정리
이유 · 조건 · 의도 정리 — reasons and plans review — because …, I'll … so you …, I've decided to …, and I'm thinking of …
Reasons and plans review — because …, I'll … so you …, I've decided to …, and I'm thinking of …. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2B, lesson 12: 2급 정리 · TOPIK I 맛보기 (Level 2 round-up — a taste of TOPIK I).
What it means
Level 2B gave you two endings for reasons and offers, and two for plans. -기 때문에 (2B-4) gives a clear reason; it sounds firmer than -아서/어서 and is common in writing, and like -아서/어서 it is not followed by 'please' or 'let's': 시험이 있기 때문에 오늘은 못 가요. For a noun, use N 때문에 (2A-8). -(으)ㄹ 테니까 (2B-6) says what you will do — or what will surely be true — so that the other person can do something; a request or a suggestion usually follows: 제가 음료수를 살 테니까 안나 씨는 케이크를 사 오세요 · 길이 막힐 테니까 지하철을 탑시다. -기로 하다 (2B-2) is a decision, often made with someone: 매일 운동하기로 했어요. -(으)ㄹ까 하다 (2B-6) is a plan you are only thinking about: 제주도에 갈까 해요 — compare -(으)려고 해요 (2A-1), a clear intention.
Forms
| Pattern | When | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -기 때문에 | because — 받침 O · X 기 (N 때문에) · ✗ please · let's | 가다 → 가기 때문에 |
| -(으)ㄹ 테니까 | I'll … / it will surely …, so — 받침 O 을 · 받침 X · ㄹ ㄹ + please · let's | 가다 → 갈 테니까 |
| -기로 하다 | decided — a firm plan (-기로 했어요) | 가다 → 가기로 했어요 |
| -(으)ㄹ까 하다 | thinking of … — not decided yet (받침 O 을까 · 받침 X · ㄹ ㄹ까) | 가다 → 갈까 해요 |
Key points
- Reason and offer: -기 때문에 (because — a clear reason; no 'please' or 'let's' after it) · -(으)ㄹ 테니까 (I'll … / it will surely …, so — a request or 'let's' follows)
- Plans: -기로 했어요 (decided — often with someone) · -(으)ㄹ까 해요 (thinking of … — not decided yet)
Examples
- 시험이 있기 때문에 오늘은 못 가요. (= 시험이 있어서 …)
- 제가 음료수를 살 테니까 안나 씨는 케이크를 사 오세요.
- 방학에 매일 한국어 일기를 쓰기로 했어요. (정했어요)
- 방학에 제주도에 갈까 해요. (아직 몰라요)
Where university textbooks teach it
This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 13; Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 16; Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 11; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 3; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 8; Yonsei University Korean 2-2, lesson 19; Yonsei University Korean 2-2, lesson 20; Sogang University Korean 2A, lesson 5; Sogang University Korean 3A, lesson 4; Sogang University Korean 3A, lesson 6; Sogang University Korean 3B, lesson 8; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-1, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-1, lesson 4; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 12; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 14; Hongik University Korean 2A, lesson 2; Hongik University Korean 2B, lesson 12; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 4; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 6; Hanyang University Korean 3-2, lesson 9.
Also in this lesson
- 허락 · 금지 · 경험 정리 — permission, rules and experience review — may I …?, you mustn't …, and have you ever …?
- 변화 · 상태 정리 — change and state review — it got …, I came to …, it is (still) …, and I did it ready for later
- 반말 정리 + 글말 -다 — casual speech and the written style review — the same sentence to a teacher, to a friend, and in a diary