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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 2B › 반말 정리 + 글말 -다

반말 정리 + 글말 -다 — casual speech and the written style review — the same sentence to a teacher, to a friend, and in a diary

Casual speech and the written style review — the same sentence to a teacher, to a friend, and in a diary. Korean grammar for upper beginner learners — Level 2B, lesson 12: 2급 정리 · TOPIK I 맛보기 (Level 2 round-up — a taste of TOPIK I).

What it means

Level 2B gave you two new styles. Casual speech (반말, 2B-10) is for close friends of your age or younger, and for children. Most of it is the polite style without 요: 가요 → 가, 먹었어요 → 먹었어, 좋아요 → 좋아. Nouns take 이야 after a 받침 and 야 without one: 학생이야, 친구야. 네 becomes 응, 아니요 becomes 아니, and 저 · 제 become 나 · 내. 'Let's' is -자 (같이 가자), a question can end in -니? (밥 먹었니?), and a command is -아/어 — or -아/어라 from a parent or a teacher (빨리 와 · 빨리 와라). The written style (2B-7) is for diaries, reports and the news: adjectives end in -다 (바쁘다), verbs in -는다 after a 받침 and -ㄴ다 without one (먹는다, 간다; 만들다 → 만든다), nouns in (이)다 (학생이다, 친구다), and the past is -았/었다 for all of them (갔다, 바빴다, 학생이었다). In 3A you will use this written -다 to pass on what other people say: 내일 시험이 있다고 해요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
존댓말 (-아요/어요)to a teacher · someone older · someone you have just met가다 → 가요
반말to a close friend · someone younger (요 ✗ · 이야/야 · 응 · 나)가다 → 가
글말 -다a diary · a report (형용사 -다 · 동사 받침 O 는다 · 받침 X ㄴ다 · 명사 (이)다)가다 → 간다

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 10; Seoul National University Korean 2B, lesson 18; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 8; Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 9; Sogang University Korean 2B, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 15; Hongik University Korean 2B, lesson 11; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 6; Hanyang University Korean 2-2, lesson 7.

Also in this lesson