haru Korean › Grammar › Level 3A › 추측 · 후회
추측 · 후회 — guesses, regrets and surprises review — it'll probably …, it seems …, I should have …, I never thought …
Guesses, regrets and surprises review — it'll probably …, it seems …, I should have …, I never thought …. Korean grammar for intermediate learners — Level 3A, lesson 12: 3A 정리 · 달라진 나 (Level 3A round-up — how I've changed).
What it means
Level 3A gave you two ways to guess and two ways to look back. -(으)ㄹ 텐데 (3A-3) is a guess about now or later — often a worry — followed by what you say because of it: 시험이 어려울 텐데 같이 공부해요 'the exam will probably be hard, so let's study together'. Compare -(으)ㄹ 테니까 (2B-6), which is about what you will do. -나 보다 (3A-4) is a guess from something you can see or hear: 불이 켜져 있어요. 아직 공부하나 봐요 'the light is on — she must still be studying'. Verbs and 있다/없다 take -나 봐요, adjectives -(으)ㄴ가 봐요 (바쁜가 봐요) and nouns 인가 봐요 (3A-3). -(으)ㄹ걸 그랬다 (3A-5) is a light regret about something you didn't do: 미리 복습할걸 그랬어요 'I should have reviewed earlier'; for something you did, use -지 말걸 그랬어요. -(으)ㄹ 줄 몰랐다 (3A-3) is surprise: 3A가 이렇게 빨리 끝날 줄 몰랐어요 'I never thought 3A would end so fast'. When you believed something that turned out wrong, it is -(으)ㄴ/는 줄 알았다 (끝난 줄 알았어요). Don't mix it up with -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 (2A-10), which is about knowing how. Three of the four are built on the -(으)ㄹ form, so the stem changes the same way: 먹을 · 갈 · 만들 · 들을 (듣다).
Forms
| Pattern | When | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -(으)ㄹ 텐데 | a guess about later + so · but … — 받침 O 을 · 받침 X · ㄹ ㄹ (형용사도) | 가다 → 갈 텐데 |
| -나 보다 | a guess from what you see — 동사 -나 봐요 · 형용사 -(으)ㄴ가 봐요 · 명사 인가 봐요 | 가다 → 가나 봐요 |
| -(으)ㄹ걸 그랬다 | I should have … (but I didn't) — 한 일은 -지 말걸 | 가다 → 갈걸 그랬어요 |
| -(으)ㄹ 줄 몰랐다 | I never thought … (surprise) — 잘못 안 것은 -(으)ㄴ/는 줄 알았다 | 가다 → 갈 줄 몰랐어요 |
Key points
- Guessing: -(으)ㄹ 텐데 (it will probably … — so / but …: 어려울 텐데) · -나 보다 · A-(으)ㄴ가 보다 (it seems …, from what I see: 공부하나 봐요 · 바쁜가 봐요)
- Looking back: -(으)ㄹ걸 그랬다 (I should have … — 미리 할걸 그랬어요) · -(으)ㄹ 줄 몰랐다 (I never thought … — 이렇게 빨리 끝날 줄 몰랐어요)
Examples
- -(으)ㄹ 텐데: 앞으로의 일을 걱정하면서 말을 이어요 — 시험이 어려울 텐데 같이 공부해요.
- -나 보다 · A-(으)ㄴ가 보다: 보거나 들은 것으로 생각해요 — 불이 켜져 있어요. 아직 공부하나 봐요.
- -(으)ㄹ걸 그랬다: 그때 안 한 일이 지금 아쉬워요 — 미리 복습할걸 그랬어요. (한 일이면 -지 말걸)
- -(으)ㄹ 줄 몰랐다: 생각하지 못한 일에 놀라요 — 3A가 이렇게 빨리 끝날 줄 몰랐어요.
- -나 봐요만 받침과 상관없어요. 나머지 셋은 받침 O 을 · 받침 X 와 ㄹ ㄹ: 먹을 텐데 · 먹을걸 · 먹을 줄 / 갈 텐데 · 갈걸 · 갈 줄.
Where university textbooks teach it
This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 3A, lesson 3; Seoul National University Korean 3A, lesson 5; Yonsei University Korean 2-2, lesson 18; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 7; Yonsei University Korean 3-2, lesson 17; Yonsei University Korean 4-2, lesson 12; Sogang University Korean 3A, lesson 7; Sogang University Korean 3B, lesson 5; Sogang University Korean 3B, lesson 6; Sogang University Korean 4B, lesson 1; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-1, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-1, lesson 7; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-2, lesson 9; Hongik University Korean 3A, lesson 1; Hongik University Korean 3A, lesson 3; Hongik University Korean 3A, lesson 5; Hongik University Korean 3B, lesson 7; Hanyang University Korean 2-1, lesson 5; Hanyang University Korean 3-1, lesson 5; Hanyang University Korean 3-2, lesson 9.
Also in this lesson
- 간접화법 정리 — reported speech review — passing on statements, questions, orders and suggestions, the long way and the short way
- 연결어미 정리 — linking endings review — busy doing …, did … and then …, (I saw) … and now …, even though …, as soon as …
- 표현 정리 — expressions review — the reason you didn't know, what I noticed, please make sure …, and in order to …