haru Korean › Grammar › Level 3A › 표현 정리
표현 정리 — expressions review — the reason you didn't know, what I noticed, please make sure …, and in order to …
Expressions review — the reason you didn't know, what I noticed, please make sure …, and in order to …. Korean grammar for intermediate learners — Level 3A, lesson 12: 3A 정리 · 달라진 나 (Level 3A round-up — how I've changed).
What it means
Level 3A also gave you four expressions you hear every day. -거든요 (3A-6) adds a reason the listener did not know, usually after the main sentence: 내일은 못 가요. 시험이 있거든요. It can sound a little pushy to someone much older, so use it with care. -던데요 (3A-4) tells what you yourself saw, heard or tasted: 그 식당 비빔밥이 정말 맛있던데요; in the middle of a sentence, -던데 is followed by a suggestion or a question (맛있던데 같이 가요). -도록 하다 (3A-7): -도록 하세요 is soft, polite advice, common from teachers and in notices — 시험 날에는 늦지 않도록 하세요; on its own, -도록 means 'so that': 잘 들리도록 크게 말해요. -기 위해서 (3A-9) says what something is for: TOPIK 3급에 합격하기 위해서 매일 공부해요; with a noun, N을/를 위해서 (가족을 위해서). Unlike -(으)려고, it can be followed by a request: 합격하기 위해서 매일 복습하세요. -거든요 and -던데요 take -았/었- (아팠거든요, 쉬웠던데요); -도록 and -기 위해서 never do.
Forms
| Pattern | When | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -거든요 | the reason you didn't know (받침 무관 · N(이)거든요 · 과거 -았/었거든요) | 가다 → 가거든요 |
| -던데요 | what I saw or tasted myself (받침 무관 · N(이)던데요 · 이어서 -던데) | 가다 → 가던데요 |
| -도록 하다 | please make sure … (-도록 하세요 · ✗ -지 않도록) · so that … (-도록) | 가다 → 가도록 하세요 |
| -기 위해서 | in order to … (받침 무관 · N을/를 위해서 · 뒤에 부탁 ○) | 가다 → 가기 위해서 |
Key points
- Talking: -거든요 (…, you see — a reason the listener didn't know) · -던데요 (I noticed … — what you saw or tasted yourself)
- Aims: -도록 하세요 (please make sure you … — polite advice; -도록 = so that …) · -기 위해서 (in order to … · N을/를 위해서)
Examples
- -거든요: 듣는 사람이 모르는 이유를 뒤에 말해요 — 내일은 못 가요. 시험이 있거든요.
- -던데요: 내가 직접 보거나 먹어 보고 안 것을 말해요 — 그 식당 비빔밥이 정말 맛있던데요.
- -도록 하세요: 부드럽게 권해요 — 시험 날에는 늦지 않도록 하세요. -도록 = …(으)ㄹ 수 있게: 잘 들리도록 크게 말해요.
- -기 위해서 · N을/를 위해서: 무엇을 하려고 하는지 말해요 — TOPIK에 합격하기 위해서 매일 공부해요.
- -거든요 · -던데요는 친구 · 가까운 사람과 이야기할 때, -도록 하세요는 선생님 말 · 안내에서 많이 들어요.
Where university textbooks teach it
This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 3A, lesson 4; Seoul National University Korean 3A, lesson 6; Seoul National University Korean 3A, lesson 7; Seoul National University Korean 3A, lesson 9; Yonsei University Korean 2-2, lesson 18; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 1; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 10; Yonsei University Korean 4-2, lesson 16; Sogang University Korean 3A, lesson 6; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-1, lesson 5; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-1, lesson 6; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-1, lesson 2; Hongik University Korean 2A, lesson 5; Hongik University Korean 3A, lesson 2; Hongik University Korean 3B, lesson 8; Hongik University Korean 4A, lesson 4; Hanyang University Korean 2-2, lesson 12; Hanyang University Korean 3-1, lesson 4; Hanyang University Korean 3-2, lesson 7; Hanyang University Korean 4-1, lesson 6.
Also in this lesson
- 간접화법 정리 — reported speech review — passing on statements, questions, orders and suggestions, the long way and the short way
- 추측 · 후회 — guesses, regrets and surprises review — it'll probably …, it seems …, I should have …, I never thought …
- 연결어미 정리 — linking endings review — busy doing …, did … and then …, (I saw) … and now …, even though …, as soon as …