haru Korean 하루한국어

haru Korean › Grammar › Level 3B › 변화 · 결과 정리 —-(으)ㄹ수록 · -았/었더니 · -고 말다 · -게 하다

변화 · 결과 정리 —-(으)ㄹ수록 · -았/었더니 · -고 말다 · -게 하다 — change and results review — the more …, I did … and then …, ended up …, made someone …

Change and results review — the more …, I did … and then …, ended up …, made someone …. Korean grammar for intermediate learners — Level 3B, lesson 12: 3급 정리 · TOPIK II 맛보기 (Level 3 round-up — a taste of TOPIK II).

What it means

Level 3B gave you two ways to talk about change and two ways to talk about results. -(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록 (3B-5) says two things grow together: 한국어는 배우면 배울수록 재미있어요 'the more you learn Korean, the more fun it is'; the first part can be dropped (갈수록, 나이가 들수록). -았/었더니 (3B-3) is about something YOU did and what came after it — a result or a discovery: 매일 일기를 썼더니 쓰기가 쉬워졌어요 · 도서관에 갔더니 문이 닫혀 있었어요. For what you saw someone else do, it is -더니 (3A-7). -고 말다 (3B-9) says it ended up happening although you didn't want it — often 결국 … -고 말았어요: 결국 비행기를 놓치고 말았어요 (compare -아/어 버리다, 2A-8, which can also sound relieved). -게 하다 (3B-6) makes or lets someone else do something: 선생님이 우리에게 매일 일기를 쓰게 하셨어요; 못 하게 하다 stops them: 할아버지가 밤에 게임을 못 하게 하세요. It is the longer, more flexible cousin of the causative verbs (먹이다 · 입히다, 3B-2). None of the four takes -았/었- in the middle: the time goes on the last verb.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록the more … — 받침 O 으면 … 을수록 · 받침 X · ㄹ 면 … ㄹ수록 (앞은 빼도 돼요: 갈수록)가다 → 가면 갈수록
-았/었더니I did …, and then … — 보통 내가 한 일 · ㅏ · ㅗ 았더니 · 그 외 었더니 · 하다 했더니가다 → 갔더니
-고 말다ended up … — not what you wanted · 받침 무관 · 보통 결국 -고 말았어요가다 → 가고 말았어요
-게 하다make · let someone do — 받침 무관 · 누가 N에게 V-게 해요 · 못 V-게 해요가다 → 가게 해요

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 14; Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 12; Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 18; Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 15; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 5; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 8; Yonsei University Korean 3-1, lesson 10; Yonsei University Korean 3-2, lesson 19; Sogang University Korean 3B, lesson 3; Sogang University Korean 4A, lesson 4; Sogang University Korean 5A, lesson 3; Sogang University Korean 5A, lesson 5; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 13; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-1, lesson 4; Ewha Womans University Korean 4, lesson 2; Hongik University Korean 3A, lesson 5; Hongik University Korean 3B, lesson 7; Hongik University Korean 3B, lesson 9; Hongik University Korean 4B, lesson 10; Hanyang University Korean 3-1, lesson 5; Hanyang University Korean 3-2, lesson 10; Hanyang University Korean 4-2, lesson 7.

Also in this lesson