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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 3B › A/V-지 않으면 안 되다 —전기를 아껴 쓰지 않으면 안 돼요

A/V-지 않으면 안 되다 —전기를 아껴 쓰지 않으면 안 돼요 — have to … · must … — there's no other way

Have to … · must … — there's no other way. Korean grammar for intermediate learners — Level 3B, lesson 6: 전기를 아껴 쓰지 않으면 안 돼요 (We have to save electricity — living wisely at home).

What it means

A/V-지 않으면 안 되다 says that something simply has to happen: 전기를 아껴 쓰지 않으면 안 돼요 'we really must save electricity'. Literally it is a double negative — 'if we don't save it, it won't do' — and the two negatives make a strong 'must'. 받침 makes no difference: take 다 off and add 지 않으면 안 되다 — 내지 않으면 안 돼요, 끄지 않으면 안 돼요. It means the same as -아/어야 되다 (Level 1B) but is stronger: it sounds like a rule, a deadline, or a need with no way out, so notices use it (-지 않으면 안 됩니다). With an adjective it describes something you really need: 저는 잘 때 방이 따뜻하지 않으면 안 돼요 'I need my room to be warm when I sleep'. In speech you also hear the short negative: 안 아끼면 안 돼요. The tense goes on 되다: 어제는 일찍 퇴근하지 않으면 안 됐어요 'yesterday I had to leave work early'; 안 될 거예요 or 안 되겠어요 adds a guess — 여러 번 확인하지 않으면 안 될 거예요. Be careful not to mix it up with -(으)면 안 되다 (Lesson 2B-5), which means 'must not': 켜면 안 돼요 'you mustn't turn it on'. Because it is so strong, don't use it to tell someone above you what to do — -아/어 주시겠어요? (Lesson 2B-8) is the polite way.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-지 않으면 안 되다동사 · 형용사 — 받침 O · X 모두 (안내문 -지 않으면 안 됩니다)아끼다 + 지 않으면 안 되다 → 아끼지 않으면 안 돼요

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 3B, lesson 15; Yonsei University Korean 2-2, lesson 16.

Also in this lesson