haru Korean 하루한국어

haru Korean › Grammar › Level 4A › 가정 · 양보 · 추측 정리

가정 · 양보 · 추측 정리 — if only, even if, bound to and it seems review — picturing another past, conceding, predicting, judging carefully and saying how things go

If only, even if, bound to and it seems review — picturing another past, conceding, predicting, judging carefully and saying how things go. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4A, lesson 12: 4A 정리 · 겪은 일 되짚기 (Level 4A round-up — looking back at what happened).

What it means

The last group is about what didn't happen, what will happen anyway, and what is probably true. -았/었더라면 (4A-4) pictures a different past and usually ends with -았/었을 텐데(요) or -았/었을 거예요: 새벽에 출발했더라면 길이 덜 막혔을 텐데요 — the 'if only' that sits next to the regret -았/었어야 했는데 (3B-4). -더라도 (4A-11) concedes strongly — even if that is so, the second part does not change; it is stronger than -아/어도 and often comes with 아무리: 아무리 바쁘더라도 아침은 꼭 먹어요. -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다 (4A-5) predicts what anyone can see coming, usually something bad: 이렇게 쓰면 돈이 모자랄 게 뻔해요; with -았/었- it is about the past (벌써 월급을 다 썼을 게 뻔해요). Don't mix it up with -(으)ㄹ 뻔했다 'nearly happened' (2B-9). -(으)ㄴ/는 듯하다 (4A-9) is the most careful way to judge from what you see, common in writing: verbs -는 듯하다 (now), V-(으)ㄴ 듯하다 (already), -(으)ㄹ 듯하다 (later), adjectives -(으)ㄴ 듯하다 — 유나는 많이 긴장한 듯했어요. -기 마련이다 (4A-6) says that's how things go, for anyone, at any time: 처음에는 누구나 실수하기 마련이에요 — kind as comfort, but it can sound preachy if you use it too often.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-았/었더라면if only … had … — ㅏ · ㅗ 았더라면 · 그 외 었더라면 · 하다 했더라면 · 뒤에 -았/었을 텐데(요) · -았/었을 거예요오다 → 왔더라면
-더라도even if · however … — 받침 무관 · 아무리 -더라도 · 명사 (이)더라도 · 지난 일 -았/었더라도오다 → 오더라도
-(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다it's obvious that … — 받침 O 을 게 · 받침 X · ㄹ ㄹ 게 · 지난 일 -았/었을 게 뻔하다오다 → 올 게 뻔해요
-(으)ㄴ/는 듯하다it seems … — 동사 -는 · 지난 일 V-(으)ㄴ · 앞으로 -(으)ㄹ · 형용사 -(으)ㄴ · -는 듯한 N오다 → 오는 듯해요
-기 마련이다bound to · that's how it goes — 받침 무관 · 누구나 · 처음에는 · -게 마련이다오다 → 오기 마련이에요

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 4A, lesson 9; Seoul National University Korean 4A, lesson 7; Seoul National University Korean 4A, lesson 4; Yonsei University Korean 4-2, lesson 13; Yonsei University Korean 4-2, lesson 14; Sogang University Korean 6, lesson 2; Sogang University Korean 6, lesson 8; Ewha Womans University Korean 3-2, lesson 10; Ewha Womans University Korean 4, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 4, lesson 7; Hongik University Korean 4A, lesson 5; Hongik University Korean 4A, lesson 6; Hongik University Korean 4B, lesson 7; Hongik University Korean 4B, lesson 8; Hongik University Korean 4B, lesson 12; Hanyang University Korean 4-1, lesson 3; Hanyang University Korean 4-1, lesson 5; Hanyang University Korean 4-2, lesson 12.

Also in this lesson