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N에 불과하다 — only … · no more than … — saying that a number is small

Only … · no more than … — saying that a number is small. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4A, lesson 2: 조사 결과에 따르면 (According to the survey — reading figures and comparing).

What it means

N에 불과하다 says that a number or an amount is only N — and that you think it is small: 한국 친구가 많다고 대답한 학생은 18%에 불과했습니다 'Only 18% of the students said they had many Korean friends'. It goes straight after the noun or the number, with or without 받침 (18%에 불과해요, 세 명에 불과했어요, 10분에 불과해요), and the tense goes on 불과하다 itself: 불과합니다 (now), 불과했습니다 (the survey, in the past), and in writing 불과하다 · 불과했다. In everyday talk you say the same thing with N밖에 and a negative verb (Lesson 2A-11): 세 명밖에 안 왔어요 — N에 불과하다 is the formal, written version, the one you hear in the news and use in presentations, reports and TOPIK answers. It also works with nouns that are not numbers, meaning 'nothing more than N': 그건 소문에 불과해요 'that's only a rumour', 제가 한 일은 작은 일에 불과합니다 'what I did was only a small thing' — a modest answer when someone thanks you. Never use it for a figure you want to sound big; to stress that a number is large, use (이)나 (Lesson 2B-7): 58%나 됩니다 'as many as 58%'.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
N에 불과하다받침 O · X 같아요 — 숫자 · 양이 작다고 생각할 때 (발표 · 뉴스 · 보고서)18% + 에 불과하다 → 18%에 불과합니다

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 4B, lesson 14.

Also in this lesson