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N에 의하면 · N에 의해(서) · N에 의한 N — according to … · by … — giving a source, and naming who did it

According to … · by … — giving a source, and naming who did it. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4B, lesson 2: 찬성인가 반대인가 (For or against? — debating a social issue).

What it means

N에 의하면 tells your listener where a piece of information comes from: 신문 기사에 의하면 온라인 수업을 듣는 대학생이 늘고 있대요 'according to a newspaper article, more and more university students are taking online classes'. It does the same job as N에 따르면 (Lesson 4A-2) but sounds stiffer, so it belongs to the news, reports, essays and debates. The sentence usually ends in reported speech — -다고 합니다, -대요 — or in the news style -(으)ㄴ/는 것으로 나타났다 (Lesson 3B-10). Use it only for an outside source: for your own view say 제 생각에는, never 제 생각에 의하면. N에 의해(서) names the doer in a passive sentence (Lesson 4A-8) or a -되다 sentence (Lesson 4B-1): 대회 규칙은 학생회에 의해 정해졌습니다 'the contest rules were set by the student council', 그 사실은 전문가에 의해 확인되었다 'the fact was confirmed by experts'. It can also name a cause: 바람에 의해 나무가 쓰러졌다 'the tree was blown down by the wind'. Before a noun it becomes N에 의한 N: 사람에 의한 환경 오염 'pollution caused by people'. None of these forms changes after a 받침, and the tense always goes on the verb at the end.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
N에 의하면어디에서 들었는지 · 읽었는지 — 받침 O · X 모두 · 끝에 -다고 하다 · -대요뉴스 + 에 의하면 → 뉴스에 의하면
N에 의해(서) · N에 의한 N누가 · 무엇이 했는지 — 피동 · -되다 문장 · 명사 앞은 에 의한학생회 + 에 의해 → 학생회에 의해 정해졌다

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 4B, lesson 11; Seoul National University Korean 4B, lesson 16.

Also in this lesson