haru Korean 하루한국어

haru Korean › Grammar › Level 4B › A/V-고도

A/V-고도 — even though … · and still … — when what happened goes against what you'd expect

Even though … · and still … — when what happened goes against what you'd expect. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4B, lesson 2: 찬성인가 반대인가 (For or against? — debating a social issue).

What it means

-고도 joins two facts when the second goes against what the first should have led to: 두 시간이나 회의를 하고도 아무것도 못 정했어요 'we met for two whole hours and still decided nothing'. Attach it to a verb or adjective stem, with or without a 받침: 알고도, 먹고도, 듣고도, 보고도. It means much what -는데도 (Lesson 3A-7) means, but it is shorter and stronger, and it often carries surprise, disappointment or a little blame: 그 사람은 빨간 신호를 보고도 길을 건넜어요 'he saw the red light and crossed anyway'. It is especially common with 알다, 보다 and 듣다 — 알고도 모르는 척하다 'to pretend not to know', 보고도 못 본 척하다 'to pretend not to have seen' (-는 척하다, Lesson 3B-8). The fixed pattern -고도 남다 means 'more than enough': 3분이면 말하고도 남아요 'three minutes is plenty to say it', 이 회의실은 열 명이 앉고도 남아요. -고도 itself takes no -았/었- (알았고도 ✗): the tense goes at the end of the sentence.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
A/V-고도받침 O · X 모두 고도 — 앞의 일 + 생각과 다른 뒤의 일 · -고도 남다(충분해요)알다 + 고도 → 알고도

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Sogang University Korean 6, lesson 8; Ewha Womans University Korean 4, lesson 6; Seoul National University Korean 6B, lesson 5.

Also in this lesson