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haru Korean › Grammar › Level 4B › V-는 한 · -지 않는 한 · N인 한

V-는 한 · -지 않는 한 · N인 한 — as long as … · unless … — a condition that has to keep holding

As long as … · unless … — a condition that has to keep holding. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4B, lesson 2: 찬성인가 반대인가 (For or against? — debating a social issue).

What it means

-는 한 sets a condition that has to keep holding: as long as the first part stays true, the second part does too. 인터넷이 있는 한 어디에서든 공부할 수 있어요 'as long as there's internet, you can study anywhere'. Add -는 한 to a verb or to 있다 · 없다, with or without a 받침 (노력하는 한, 있는 한, 없는 한); a final ㄹ drops as it always does before -는 (살다 → 사는 한). With a noun, use 이다: 학생인 한 'as long as you are a student'. The negative -지 않는 한 — and 없는 한 — means 'unless': 포기하지 않는 한 'unless we give up', 특별한 일이 없는 한 'unless something unusual happens'. Compared with -(으)면 (Level 1) and -아/어야 (Lesson 3A-11), -는 한 is stiffer and stresses that the condition must go on being met, which is why you meet it in rules, notices, contracts, speeches and debates: 시간을 지키지 않는 한 점수를 받을 수 없습니다 'unless you keep to the time, you cannot score'. With friends, -(으)면 is usually enough. -는 한 never takes -았/었- (했는 한 ✗): put the tense at the end of the sentence. A useful fixed phrase: 제가 할 수 있는 한 도와 드릴게요 'I'll help as far as I can'.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
V-는 한동사 · 있다 · 없다 — 받침 O · X 모두 는 한 · ㄹ 받침은 빠져요 · 부정은 -지 않는 한 · 명사는 N인 한노력하다 + 는 한 → 노력하는 한

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Sogang University Korean 6, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 4, lesson 2; Hongik University Korean 4B, lesson 11; Hanyang University Korean 5-2, lesson 7; Seoul National University Korean 6A, lesson 10.

Also in this lesson