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V-아/어라 · V-지 마라 · 해라체 — Run! · Don't …! — plain-style orders and cheers, and the plain style (해라체) all together

Run! · Don't …! — plain-style orders and cheers, and the plain style (해라체) all together. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4B, lesson 9: 오늘부터 운동해야지 (Starting today, I'll work out — resolutions, excuses and cheering).

What it means

-아/어라 is the plain-style order. After ㅏ or ㅗ use 아라 (가다 → 가라, 보다 → 봐라), after other vowels 어라 (먹다 → 먹어라, 달리다 → 달려라), and 하다 becomes 해라; to tell someone not to do something, use -지 마라 (포기하지 마라). It sounds stronger than the ordinary 반말 order -아/어 (빨리 와!): it is what parents say to children (손 씻어라, 일찍 자라) and what older people may say to much younger ones. You also see it in three special places where no one is being rude. Cheers and slogans: 하늘전자, 이겨라! 끝까지 달려라! — you can shout this even for someone you normally speak politely to, like Mark. Proverbs, which always use the plain style: 아는 길도 물어 가라 'ask the way even on a road you know'. And written instructions — exam questions use the related written form -(으)시오 (알맞은 것을 고르시오, 다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오). -아/어라 belongs to the plain style (해라체), which you already know from written Korean (Lesson 3B-10): statements -(ㄴ/는)다 (간다, 먹는다, 좋다), questions -니? (가니? 먹었니?), suggestions -자 (가자) and orders -아/어라. Never use it to someone older than you — except in a cheer.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-아/어라시킬 때 — ㅏ · ㅗ 아라 · 그 외 어라 · 하다 해라가다 → 가라
-지 마라하지 말라고 할 때포기하다 → 포기하지 마라
-(ㄴ/는)다 · -니?해라체로 말할 때 · 물을 때 (3B 10과 -다체)먹다 → 먹는다 · 먹니?
-자같이 하자고 할 때 (반말 -자와 같아요)가다 → 가자

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Yonsei University Korean 2-1, lesson 9; Hanyang University Korean 2-2, lesson 7; Sogang University Korean 5A, lesson 3; Ewha Womans University Korean 2-2, lesson 15.

Also in this lesson