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A/V-(으)므로 — because · since — the written way to give a reason

Because · since — the written way to give a reason. Korean grammar for upper intermediate learners — Level 4B, lesson 11: 답안지에 쓰는 문장 (Sentences for the answer sheet — writing like a textbook).

What it means

-(으)므로 gives a reason in written, formal Korean: 시간이 부족하므로 개요를 먼저 쓴다 'since time is short, the outline is written first'. Its meaning is close to -기 때문에, but you meet it in answer sheets, notices, reports, news and speeches rather than in conversation — in a chat with a friend it sounds stiff, and in a TOPIK essay it makes your reasoning sound polished. After a stem ending in a consonant add 으므로 (있으므로, 많으므로, 없으므로); after a vowel or ㄹ add just 므로 — and ㄹ does not drop (부족하므로, 살므로, 만들므로). With a noun use N(이)므로: 시험이므로, 유학생이므로. Past and future markers go in front: 준비했으므로, 갈 것이므로. Because it is written style, the sentence it opens normally ends in a written ending (-다, -ㅂ니다) or, in notices, in a polite request (-(으)시기 바랍니다, -아/어 주십시오) — not in a casual order. The conjunction 그러므로 'therefore' is the same idea starting a new sentence, and it is one of the key linking words of TOPIK essays.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
-으므로받침 O (있다 · 없다 · -았/었- 포함)있다 + 으므로 → 있으므로
-므로받침 X · ㄹ (ㄹ은 떨어지지 않아요)부족하다 + 므로 → 부족하므로
N(이)므로명사 — 받침 O 이므로 / 받침 X 이므로 · (드물게) 므로시험 + 이므로 → 시험이므로

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Seoul National University Korean 4B, lesson 15; Ewha Womans University Korean 5, lesson 1.

Also in this lesson