haru Korean 하루한국어

haru Korean › Grammar › Level 5A › N조차

N조차 — not even N — when even the most basic thing is missing (you saw it beside N마저 in Lesson 4B-1; today it gets its own block)

Not even N — when even the most basic thing is missing (you saw it beside N마저 in Lesson 4B-1; today it gets its own block). Korean grammar for advanced learners — Level 5A, lesson 7: 설문과 데이터 (Surveys and data — reading a survey article and its chart, and what AI gets wrong about a survey).

What it means

N조차 says that even the most basic or easiest thing is not there or not done, so the sentence usually ends in 없다, 모르다, 못 or 안: 응답자가 몇 명인지조차 몰라요 'I don't even know how many people answered'. It is 조차 after any final sound and takes the place of 이/가 or 을/를: 이름조차, 숫자조차. With a verb use -기조차 (믿기조차 어려워요), and it can follow 에게 · 에서 (가족에게조차 말하지 않았어요). 마저 from Lesson 4B-1 is 'even the last one'; 조차 is 'not even the most basic one'; for good news use 까지: 장학금까지 받았어요.

Forms

PatternWhenExample
N조차명사 — 받침과 상관없음이름 → 이름조차 몰라요
V-기조차동사믿다 → 믿기조차 어려워요
N에게조차 · N에서조차에게 · 에서 뒤가족에게 → 가족에게조차 말하지 않았어요

Key points

Examples

Where university textbooks teach it

This point also appears in: Sogang University Korean 5A, lesson 8; Ewha Womans University Korean 4, lesson 10; Hongik University Korean 4A, lesson 5.

Also in this lesson